The color sensitivity of the dyeing recipe is one of the most important parameters for controlling the dyeing process. This work studied the effect of color DEPTH on the color sensitivity of a recipe of wool dyeing with WELD natural dye. For this purpose, the woollen yarn was dyed with WELD at low and high color DEPTH using pre-mordanting method. The color sensitivity of the dyeing recipe was evaluated by measuring the color DEPTH (K/S), color difference, and color sensitivity coefficient. The color sensitivity coefficient was measured by 10 % change in parameters of the dyeing recipe, such as dye concentration, mordant concentration, temperature, time, pH, and L.R. Also, the simultaneous color sensitivity of two, three, four, five, and six parameter combinations were measured by experimental and computational methods. The measured color sensitivity by the computational method was higher than the experimental method. In general, the color sensitivity at low color DEPTH is more than high color DEPTH.

Due to higher demands for tailor WELDed blanks (TWBs) applications in transportation industry, it is worthy to understand their forming characteristics in manufacturing processes, especially the deep drawing, in order to produce products with higher qualities. Due to differences between the base materials strength as well as existence of the WELDing zone, the formability of TWBs is frequently less than the base metals. Comparison of WELD line movement and drawing DEPTH in TWBs designed and produced by laser WELDing and friction stir WELDing are the aims of this study. Because of creation of limited heat affected zone area and suitable keyhole, laser WELDing is more appropriate for TWBs production comparing to the other WELDing processes. The parameters of the friction stir WELDing process are very important due to having high influence on complicated plastic zone variation, material flow pattern and temperature distribution in TWBs sheets. In this paper, having designed the experiments, the effect of blank holder force and linear WELDing velocity on drawing DEPTH and WELD line displacement of TWBs have been investigated. Moreover, the harnesses of the WELD zone in both processes have been examined. Results show that by increasing the linear velocity of laser WELDing, the amount of WELD line displacement and drawing DEPTH will be increased. Furthermore, the higher linear velocity of friction stir WELDing will result into the higher WELD line displacement and drawing DEPTH. Likewise, the harnesses of the laser WELDing zone are higher than those ones for friction stir WELDing zone.

Due to higher demands for tailor WELDed blanks (TWBs) applications in the transportation industry,it is important to understand their forming characteristics in manufacturing processes,especially the deep drawing,in order to produce products with higher qualities.Due to differences between the base materials strength as well as the existence of the WELDing zone,the formability of TWBs is frequently less than the base metals.The aim of this study is the comparison of WELD line displacement and drawing DEPTH in TWBs designed and produced by laser WELDing and friction stir WELDing.Laser WELDing is more appropriate for TWBs production comparing to the other WELDing processes because of the creation of limited heat affected zone and suitable keyhole.The parameters of the friction stir WELDing process are very important due to having a high influence on complicated plastic zone variation,the material flow pattern and temperature distribution in TWBs sheets.In this paper,by design experiments,the effect of blank holder force and linear WELDing velocity on drawing DEPTH and WELD line displacement of TWBs have been investigated.Moreover,the harnesses of the WELD zone in both processes have been examined.Results show that by increasing the linear velocity of laser WELDing,the amount of WELD line displacement and drawing DEPTH will be increased.Furthermore,the higher linear velocity of friction stir WELDing will result in the higher WELD line displacement and drawing DEPTH.Likewise,the harnesses of the laser WELDing zone are higher than those ones for friction stir WELDing zone.

During last ten years, change of consumption pattern, variety and modernity of consumers, variety of producers and competitors, changes and vacillation rates, cause developing and decreasing the amounts of produce expenses by using hardware and software progressing, which are so important. In this respect, one of the possible solutions to increase the quality and enjoy the use of software possibilities is to perform producing systems. The aim of this article is to choose, automatic process and WELDing technology by using WELD-EXP. software. In this software, experience and knowledge of skilled men and expert form the rules in the expert system and knowledge base. After interchange of information and receive the necessary data from user, this software by studying and analyzing necessary instances, choose and suggest the best WELDing process or processes. Finally, the users confirm and complete it and present the WELDing process specification (WPS). Therefore, this way is time-consuming and save the expense of making and producing of WELDments.

WELD area and WELD DEPTH/width ratio can be considered to be of the most important geometrical factors in pulsed laser WELDing. The effects of carbon dioxide and oxygen additions to the argon shielding gas on the WELD properties in pulsed laser WELDing of low carbon steel is investigated. Presence of carbon dioxide and oxygen up to 10 and 15 percent respectively decreases the WELD geometrical factors. But, at higher levels of additions, the WELD geometrical factors will increase. It is observed that the plasma plume temperature decreases from 6000K to 5500K with the addition of 15% carbon dioxide but increases to 7700K with 25% carbon dioxide addition. Increase in laser absorption coefficient, laser energy absorption, formation of oxide layer on the work-piece surface, exothermic reactions and their competitive effects can be considered as the competing phenomena involved in such a behavior in the WELD profile.

Hybrid laser-arc WELDing is a new WELDing process which has received particular attention in various industries because of its technological and economic advantages. This process combines a laser beam and an electric arc to incorporate the advantages of both laser and arc WELDing processes. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the performance and ability of hybrid Nd: YAG laser-TIG WELDing compared to lone laser WELDing process for WELDing of aluminum foam sandwich (AFS) panels of AA6082. To this aim, a set of experiments for both laser and hybrid laser-TIG WELDing were done to investigate the effects of WELDing parameters including laser power, arc current and WELDing speed on WELD dimensions.Then, appropriate WELDing parameters for the laser and hybrid laser-TIG WELDing of AFS panels were calculated by statistical analysis. The results show that laser power threshold for creating the keyhole was less in hybrid laser-TIG WELDing than lone laser WELDing. Moreover, increasing the laser power and decreasing the WELDing speed result in increasing both the WELD DEPTH and width. But, with increasing the arc current, the WELD DEPTH remains almost unchanged and only the WELD width increases.Comparing the laser and hybrid laser-TIG results show that adding a 100 A arc to a 2000 W laser source can increase the WELDing speed from 2 to 3 m/min which proves the high ability and efficiency of hybrid laser-TIG WELDing process.

With the emergence of industries and their growth, joining different parts to each other has become an important need. Due to the complexity of conventional connection methods, there has been a great deal of interest in research and development of new connection methods in recent years. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the joining strength of 5083 aluminum alloy to a polymer-based composite reinforced with carbon black particles. In this study, mechanical properties including shear tensile strength and the effect of reinforcing particles on the thermal conductivity of high density polyethylene were investigated. In this study, the joining was performed by friction stir WELDing process and the WELD point strength was investigated by shear tensile test. Percentage of reinforcing phase added to the polyethylene matrix, dwell time of friction stir spot WELDing machine tools as variables affecting the shear tensile strength were evaluated in this study. The results showed that by increasing the dwell time for pure polyethylene for 15 seconds and for composite samples of carbon black reinforced polyethylene in a time period of 10 seconds, a favorable bond was established and with increasing dwell time Up to 20 seconds due to excessive increase of polyethylene melt strength and residual stresses during the freezing process, a decreasing trend of bond strength was observed.